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Milwaukee M18 Battery Reverse Engineering

199 points by jakogut - 90 comments
tomcam [3 hidden]5 mins ago
FWIW I find these batteries and the charger to be exceptional. You can just leave batteries in and it knows when to stop charging. If you get the big charger and put a bunch of batteries in it charges them round-robin style. And the batteries themselves seem to be sturdy, robust, and high capacity. They're also expensive af so you want to wait for a sale if possible. I even spent a ridiculous amount of money on the battery-powered wet/dry vac and haven't regretted it for a moment.
mapt [3 hidden]5 mins ago
> You can just leave batteries in and it knows when to stop charging.

This is true of all modern lithium ion consumer hardware, because if you don't get this part right, the battery explodes and burns down your house the first time.

sidewndr46 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
One of my co workers decided to charge his drone at the office and found this out . Or more accurately the whole office did
simooooo [3 hidden]5 mins ago
The DJI batteries and charger are very clever too. The batteries auto discharge to a safe level after 2 weeks on the shelf
philjohn [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Is there now a section of the employee policies that forbids charging drones in the office?
lazide [3 hidden]5 mins ago
The manuals have always told people to charge outside, for this reason.
xnzakg [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Not when the charger says "for home and office use only"
Casteil [3 hidden]5 mins ago
They're not the only battery tools I have (also have some Makita), but I am a big fan of virtually all my M12/M18 stuff. From the track saw, to the portable bandsaws, to the band files, oscillating multitools, reciprocating saws, jigsaws, drills, drivers, blowers, string trimmers, etc... their lineup is just incredibly diverse, servicing many trades/tasks, and they hardly ever make a 'dud'.

Their batteries, at least in my experience, have also been similarly long-lived and reliable over years. And yeah - like some others have said - I also get all my batteries from 'battery included' tools/deals. I don't think I've ever bought one by itself.

linsomniac [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I just switched over the last 6 months over to Milwaukee tools for my home DIY stuff and they are really exceptional. I got one of the 7 1/4" circular saws with a FORGE battery and it just cuts everything I've thrown at it effortlessly. I'd put it as more powerful than my Dewalt 10" corded tablesaw, at least it seems much happier to rip a 2x4 than the table saw. I even designed a 3D printed sled for it to run on my track saw tracks and it does a great job there.
Moto7451 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Even TTI’s lesser Ryobi stuff (my usual go to as a DIYer who bought two tools 15 years ago and the batteries are still compatible) has benefited immensely from tabless and 21700 cells. My 21700 8aH batteries is usually the difference between “can’t cut” and “huh is slowed a little <shrug>”
skunkworker [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I recently purchased a M18 trimmer after not using one for years, it still surprises me that when not on the throttle - "off" is truly off, and not the persistent hum of a 2 stroke that is too loud in your left ear. No fumes and no fuel/oil mix to worry about.
linsomniac [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I've tried to minimize the number of battery families I have, but I did buy into the Ego set of tools ~10 years ago for the yard tools, starting with the mower but I've since added the trimmer and chainsaw. Not having to do small motor repair and maintenance has been so nice!

I was a little annoyed that some of the Milwaukee tools require you to go with the M12 battery (the "bandfile" is what sucked me in) so now I've got 2 battery ecosystems for the tools, but I guess that's not the end of the world.

TylerE [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Some of the battery powered tools really are more powerful these days, since a home 110v circuit is limited to a total draw of 1800w or so. The latest gen 18v/24v batteries can actually deliver more than that, at least for short bursts. Especially the big 4AH+ packs.
bombcar [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I never buy the batteries - I always look for a tool with the battery, as you can almost always score a free tool (or free battery depending on how you look at it).
wlesieutre [3 hidden]5 mins ago
The 4x 18V/5Ah batteries that came with my lawnmower (which uses them in pairs) are retailing for for $560.

And then not as any sort of special deal, just the standard retail bundle, the lawnmower with four batteries included costs $700. So that's $560 of batteries and $140 of lawnmower.

It's funny how lithium ion cell prices have absolutely cratered everywhere else, but the price of tool batteries just keeps going up.

I wish there was somebody making reputable quality compatible tool batteries instead of mystery brand counterfeit trash.

Panzer04 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
You get what you pay for.

Tool batteries as a general rule don't do anything fancy internally, so they are easily substituted. I suspect it's mostly a matter of the main buyers being tradies/workers who use them to make money and thus don't care that much about the expense of the batteries - they probably aren't replaced that often.

Would be nice if there was a 3rd-party seller known to use quality cells though, rather than unknown off brands.

blagie [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Curiously, the mystery brand Bosch-compatible batteries on I bought on eBay -- literally cheapest seller -- seem to work very well even after years.

With brandless batteries, it's luck-of-the-draw, but overall, as much as I do wish there were some way to know what you're getting, I've had good luck more often than not.

What's also been nice is the rise of adapters. My Bosch blue batteries now fit many places they didn't used to.

bsoles [3 hidden]5 mins ago
> It's funny how lithium ion cell prices have absolutely cratered everywhere else, but the price of tool batteries just keeps going up.

Seems like the tool batteries might be the new ink cartridges.

terribleperson [3 hidden]5 mins ago
At this point I suspect the only way we're getting compatible tool batteries is if the E.U. comes out with regulation.

No company actually wants to make it easier for people to buy other tool brands.

simondotau [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Before the EU can do that, someone will have to define a standard.
Already__Taken [3 hidden]5 mins ago
That is how the EU will do that.
throwaway81523 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
ceenr.com batteries appear to be ok.
eth0up [3 hidden]5 mins ago
FlyingBears [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Drug dealers give out feelers to get customers started.
cameron_b [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I have three M18 batteries that are from 2011, and have outlasted 4 Ryobi batteries that get much less abuse.
Glawen [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Same with my blue Bosch batteries from 2010. They use quality cells
simondotau [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Define abuse — because what Lithium Ion hates more than anything is long periods stored at over 80 percent, and especially heat stress while fully charged.

Batteries which are used regularly and spend more time between 20–80 percent full might be less "abused" than batteries which are used infrequently, and stored in a room which sometimes gets hot.

therealpygon [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I’d say the thing any lithium seems hate worse, for me, are long periods at 0%.

As a homeowner I’ve had Ryobi lithium batteries for over a decade. Other than having added a couple battery packs from deals and a couple batteries from tools, I’ve not had a single one of my batteries fail. All are being stored at the maximum charge. Some don’t last quite as long these days, to be expected with age, but not one has actually failed even from being dropped off ladders onto concrete. I did, however, have a Dewalt at work that died from falling 4 feet to the carpet floor. I’ve only had one Ryobi tool fail in that time, and those circumstances were questionable since someone had borrowed it.

Experiences are localized and subjective.

Panzer04 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
True 0V is very bad for lithium batteries, but extended periods at low SoC should be Ok (2.5V+). If there's any drain on the battery though low SoC can easily become 0V and dead battery (most chargers should refuse to charge those)
JasonSage [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Where do you usually look for a sale on Milwaukee? I got lucky finding a great bundle sale at a Home Depot once, I'd love any tips on where/when to look more specifically.
phil21 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Home Depot is usually pretty good. Bundles are available fairly commonly as starter packs if you need to start from nothing. The drill/impact kit is likely where I'd begin since both of those (gen3) are exceptional in my opinion.

Where it gets fun are the "buy a battery pack and get a tool free" deals. I had a bunch of text typing this out, but the stickied Reddit post covers it better[1]. You can typically get the tool you want for 40-60% off when/if it goes on sale using the "Home Depot Hack". Most common tools do at least once a year - the esoteric items are more hit or miss.

I rarely pick up a tool now at full price. Once I know I want one, I simply add it to a list and note when it goes on sale in one of those combo deals. I've also picked up way more batteries than I ever will need due to other sales as well.

The Milwaukee "buy more save more" event also works well if you need what is going on sale at the time.

Reddit /r/milwaukeetool is a good place to check in from time to time for sales. Slickdeals is great for setting up an alert, but the exceptional deals get sold out quickly once it hits that site. There are also Discord groups out there as well if you go deep down the rabbit hole.

Warning: Once you learn about Packout this becomes somewhat of an addiction for certain personalities.

[0] https://old.reddit.com/r/MilwaukeeTool/comments/1gwhvi9/the_...

thephyber [3 hidden]5 mins ago
HomeDepot is one of the few warranty retailers. The “Special Buy of the Day” is updated a few minutes after midnight and usually has power tools about 10% of the days or the year. Right now HD is running their “Black Friday of Spring”. Some of the best deals for hand tools are in-store clearance, so you just have to be in the store and find it (SlickDeals will try to announce those, but inventory for those are store-specific).

Sadly one of the best ways to get cheap Milwaukee M18 tools is the “hackable” sales from Home Depot: when 2 SKUs bought together makes them both cheaper, but if you buy them online and have the 2 SKUs sent to different HomeDepo stores, you can cancel one of the SKUs later and the non-cancelled one is deeply discounted. It’s probably a violation of ToS, but customer service reps allow it and support it, so maybe it’s not actually a violation… ? It feels like corporate may eventually ban users who abuse that and cost more money than they are worth.

Milwaukee doesn’t sell via Amazon or eBay and there are notoriously good Chinese clones on those sites.

I did get 3 decent Milwaukee (mostly M18) deals on Woot.com, but you have to jump on those quickly.

There is a great website that does good price history + price comparison between HomeDepo, Lowe’s, and WalMart but I can’t find the link. If anyone has it, please share.

reaperman [3 hidden]5 mins ago
spaceguillotine [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Acme Tools, sometimes Grainger will have a sale too
tomcam [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Home Depot website
Liftyee [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Always love to see an in-depth reverse engineering write-up. This one's particularly interesting since I'm currently designing a battery pack for my own project.

Interesting to see a microcontroller (and quite a classic one...) as well as an ASIC for battery management. I imagine it's for communication purposes. The battery management chips I've been looking at have built in I2C interfaces to let me avoid firmware.

alnwlsn [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I've been down this road before. The ASIC in the Milwaukee pack is known as an "analog front end". Since you can't wire cells directly up to the pins of your MCU, you have a chip to handle that stuff for you. It will let you read the voltage of each cell in the stack (some are literally analog, and just provide a nicely in-range voltage output for your MCU's ADC to read; others have internal ADCs). It might do current sensing. It might handle a couple alarms to turn off a mosfet when things go wrong. It will have an I2C interface, but the supported commands are "tell me voltage of cell #2" or "put shunt resistor on cell #1 for balancing". It's still the MCU that calls most of the shots here, but the more advanced ASICs can do more things autonomously.
rapjr9 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
The MSP430 can be put into an extremely low power sleep mode (microAmps I believe, though you have to turn off all it's peripherals also) which means the MCU will not draw down the battery over time, leaving it fully charged and ready to be used even after long storage.
thephyber [3 hidden]5 mins ago
There was a GitHub project a few years ago to try and RE the Milwaukee M18 system. I think it was based around this teardown: https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/teardown-tuesday-batte...
noefingway [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I have a substantial investment in both Dewalt and Milwaukee tools that I use regularly in my farming operation. I definitely prefer the Milwaukee tools to the Dewalt. I recently bought a 6" Milwaukee chain saw for light duty cutting. I get a lot of cuts before I have to change batteries. Also the torque in the Milwaukee 3/4" impact gun is truly amazing and the battery lasts through a lot of bolt removals.
tstrimple [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I’ve found they excel in different areas. For wood working, dewalt is the clear winner. They have some of the best most cost effective major woodworking tool like planers and table saws. Milwaukee has an edge on impact drivers and little else. If you mostly work with wood, Dewalt is better. If you need impacts for auto work, Milwaukee edges out dewalt. It’s rarely worth investing in both platforms because the batteries are the most expensive component.
ethbr1 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
> Milwaukee has an edge on impact drivers and little else.

DeWalt's lighting options are terrible, compared to Milwaukee. Low run time and bad ergonomics.

In contrast, Milwaukee lights run much longer and have some neat solutions for disaster scenarios (lamp + USB charger).

ianschmitz [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I use Dewalt for my woodworking stuff and Milwaukee M12 for this very reason. M12 for automotive for their high speed ratchet, 3/8” stubby impact, right angle die grinder, etc. Milwaukee seems to have an edge there although Dewalt isn’t far behind.
wil421 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
AVE had tear downs years ago and I think there were a few places where dewalt edged out Milwaukee. There was also some black magic going on with dewalt impacts and a rebound effect. See Torque test channel[1].

For automotive Milwaukee is the clear winner.

[1]https://youtu.be/tPP6exJyILA?si=G1aKZL9yjYwkJ2aH

mrbigbob [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Youtube channel Torque Test Channel did a video on various new "tabless" batteries from various tool companies and most do provide more power per amp compared to the older models.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJuevwLJyMQ

bityard [3 hidden]5 mins ago
One Christmas, I was given a shiny new 14.4V Craftsman NiCad drill with two batteries. These were not cheap and I was young and broke and very grateful for the thoughtful gift. It worked great and I enjoyed it immensely. For about a year.

After that, neither pack would hold a charge long enough to be useful. Which I thought was pretty disgusting. Come to find out, this was basically the normal standard to which Craftsman had finally sunk. Rather than do the rational thing and throw it out, I held onto it with with a grudge and a goal of actually making it useful again one day.

A few years back, I found a decent deal on brand-new 18650 high-current LiFePo4 batteries from a reputable supplier ($2.50 each, sadly NLA) and bought up a bunch to remake the packs for this drill and a couple others I had laying around for similar reasons. I added an inexpensive but well-made BMS (which I tested thoroughly before implementing) and the voltage was upped to 16V nominal for a little extra kick. Don't ask how I spot-welded the tabs to the batteries.

4.5 years later and these drills are still going strong, I use them at least once a week on both small and large projects. They are not speed demons or torque monsters, but they drill all the holes I ask them to. Would I have been better off economically throwing these ones in the garbage and just buying the cheapest thing from Harbor Freight? Maybe.

But spite, it turns out, is its own reward and I would do it all over again a heartbeat.

xenadu02 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
The Ryobi lithium batteries I got with my first cordless drill bundle at Home Depot in 2006 still work and still hold a useful amount of charge today. And the charger I got back then will charge the newest batteries - not as fast - but they charge.

Pretty amazing compared to what all batteries were like growing up in the 90s.

maxerickson [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Yeah, I have had a similar experience with a cheap craftsman drill that has lithium batteries. I don't use it a lot and it pretty much has a charge when I need it.
mitthrowaway2 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
It might not have been Craftsman's fault; NiCad batteries are vulnerable to the memory effect, which means if they were not fully discharged when you recharge them, the maximum capacity shrinks.
kalleboo [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I thought the memory effect was basically a myth? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_effect
throwaway48476 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
The EU is forcing toolmakers to use standard batteries. Hopefully we can get them in the US too.
aequitas [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Do you have a source for this? Because all I know is that this was an April fools joke from last year. I'm curious of the EU is now actually doing this.
throwaway48476 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
toomuchtodo [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Edit: Bamboozled by the search gods
kube-system [3 hidden]5 mins ago
That appears to be the abovementioned April Fools video.
AlexandrB [3 hidden]5 mins ago
This would be painful in the short term because all my current tools and batteries would likely become obsolete, but it would be cool to see manufacturers more vigorously competing on battery specs like power and energy density.

There's also the risk that tool prices could go up as I suspect some tools are currently sold as a loss-leader to get you into "the system".

MisterTea [3 hidden]5 mins ago
> This would be painful in the short term because all my current tools and batteries would likely become obsolete

I have seen 3rd party battery accessories so anyone looking to make money might wind up making adapters to retrofit tools. Good for the environment too.

fragmede [3 hidden]5 mins ago
https://powertoolsadapters.com/ specializes in exactly this.
bombela [3 hidden]5 mins ago
For some reason they insist in shoving some USB PSU in many of those adapters.

That will drain the battery by itself over time. So you then must make sure to remove the battery from the adapter as per instructions.

That is just so dumb, it's beyond my understanding.

mkj [3 hidden]5 mins ago
There's no reason a USB PSU couldn't have such a low quiescent current that you wouldn't notice it when there's no usb plug. No idea if they've done that there though.
MisterTea [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Cheap design. You can do a shutdown and then have a controller go into deep sleep with picowatts of standby power consumption. A load connected wakes it up.
johnwalkr [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Too bad this wasn't real, especially since at the end of the day, all these things are just using 18560 cells.

I tried to standardize on one system (Hikoki 18/36V). This was great as they use the same battery across consumer and pro products. But I moved from Japan to Europe and they are far less available, and more expensive. Now I buy Parkside stuff (Lidl brand) and they are probably a tier lower but better value and also use the same battery across consumer and pro products.

Anyway I felt lucky that I could buy both low and high(er) end cordless tools in two countries/brands and also find adapters to use both batteries in both sets of tools. Both systems don't have any sort of data handshake between tool and battery. Going forward, this will probably increasingly be the case so I would love for a standard to be enforced.

mrheosuper [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Unrelated, but Makita 18v has been an "unofficial" standard for cheap Chinese tool.
whalesalad [3 hidden]5 mins ago
We've had universal adapters for ages. You can run a DeWalt battery on a Milwaukee, Makita on DeWalt, etc. I even have an adapter to run my Milwaukee M18 batteries on my Dyson vacuum. You can run a wire to the pos/neg leads on the battery and use it standalone. I use it to power temporary reverse off-road lights on my truck. I see no reason to do this sort of thing. More oppressive regulation from the EU that no one actually wants. Fortunately Milwaukee is a US company as well as a dominant player in the market and will likely not participate in this whatsoever.
Panzer04 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Agree. The toolmakers don't impose some sort of coding (that I know of) so you can just use a 3rd party replacement battery too. I don't see a need to regulate this either.
buescher [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Milwaukee was a US company but has been a brand of Techtronic Industries, which is based in Hong Kong, for about 20 years now.
IneffablePigeon [3 hidden]5 mins ago
You have to be careful with the adapters because some brands have the circuitry that stops you running the battery too low in the tool and some in the battery. If you end up with a combo where that circuitry doesn’t exist you can over-deplete the battery.

Also: I want that regulation :)

glitchc [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I'm not sure I follow. Aren't all lithium charging circuits basically the same nowadays, namely an SMC paired with a voltage pump or switching power circuit?
s_tec [3 hidden]5 mins ago
This isn't the charging circuit - that goes in the charger. This circuit is responsible monitoring the state-of-charge (for that little LED bar graph on the front), disconnecting the cells if something goes wrong, and negotiating available current with the tool. It should also be responsible for cell balancing, but it looks like Milwaukee forgot to implement that feature (oops).

The videos at the bottom of the article have most of the details, since those dive into the communications protocols as opposed to the raw schematics.

Saris [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Their M12 batteries don't have balancing (or a BMS inside), so they go out of balance and 'bad' very quickly. I've just added a balance plug to the outside of mine that I plug into my hobby Li-ion charger.
zippergz [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I believe you on the technical details, but as an anecdote, I have M12 batteries that are 10 years old and still working fine. At least, good enough that I have noticed no issues with them and I don't even know off the top of my head which of my batteries are newer and which are older. I also have a bunch of M18 tools and batteries, and I've noticed no particular difference in how they age compared to the M12 ones. But I'm just a DIY homeowner, so my usage is relatively light.
Saris [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Yeah I figure most of them work fine, otherwise I'd find more similar stories.

We have about 10 of the M12 batteries, about half are the 3 cell ones and half the 6 cell larger capacity ones. And every single one has gone completely out of balance within 2 years of use.

I plug them into a balancer and they last another solid 6 months or so.

nicolaslem [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Fun fact, DeWalt 18/20V batteries also don't have balancing. The batteries have pins going to each cell for it but no chargers actually use them.
Saris [3 hidden]5 mins ago
It's such a strange thing to do unless they wanted to intentionally make them have short lifespans.

The M12s have the pins too for voltage sensing in the charger (and tool maybe?), but they have 1 mega ohm resistors in line so cannot be used for balancing.

glitchc [3 hidden]5 mins ago
There are always two charging circuits for Li batteries, one in the battery and the other in the charger. They pair together to negotiate the voltage and current. There's a dedicated protocol to do this.
teraflop [3 hidden]5 mins ago
This is absolutely not "always" true. There are tons of 18650 cells that have no electronics whatsoever, and there are tons of dedicated charging ICs that connect directly to cells/batteries.
gcormier [3 hidden]5 mins ago
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7spzrIbdKY

This guy has a few videos on his channel dedicated to the batteries.

latchkey [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Don't forget that you can buy fairly inexpensive adapters for the batteries. So, you can run your Dewalt on your Milwaukee batteries and not feel vendor locked.
oakwhiz [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I have a big 21 volt power supply hooked up to the empty shell of one of these batteries, with a resistor divider supplying 3.3v to trigger the tools to accept power. It works.
whalesalad [3 hidden]5 mins ago
As a heavy user of Milwaukee gear this is a very pertinent and interesting analysis.
BonoboIO [3 hidden]5 mins ago
One of my Makita 18V 1.5Ah failed a few days ago, I m tempted to by knockoff instead of the brand name.

Am I in danger?

mrWiz [3 hidden]5 mins ago
My friends and I have very mixed results with knockoff Makita batteries. Some work just as well as name brand, others have roughly half the rated capacity and perform much worse in the cold. I’m assuming your use case is light duty since you’re using a 1.5 Ah battery now, so getting a knockoff probably makes sense.
bruckie [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Maybe. There's also a good chance you'll get a battery whose actual capacity is not less than what it says on the label. This Project Farm video looks into that question. https://youtu.be/Xf0qqsRMKpM
jmb99 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I’ve used knockoff M12 batteries for a while, no real issues. You can get them in larger capacities than the official Milwaukee ones which is my main use for them. I would imagine the Makitas are the same story.
throwaway48476 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
There are a lot of fakes even if you try to buy OEM.
stuckkeys [3 hidden]5 mins ago
I appreciate the mild humor injected into various scenes.
devwastaken [3 hidden]5 mins ago
why cant i use an external DC power supply to replace the one in the chargers? no reason they cant be USB-c given proper supply but there seems to be some kind of special signaling.
jmb99 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
The highest-current M12 battery (XC 4.0 Extended Capacity and XC 5.0 High Output) can deliver 600W peak; the highest-current standard M18 battery (High Output HD 12.0) can deliver 1620W; the highest-current M18 Forge battery (Forge HD 12.0) can deliver 3240W.[0]

There are vanishingly few AC-DC power supplies that can push 600W (that’s 50 amps at 12V), let alone 1620W (90 amps at 18V) or 3240W (180 amps!!) and definitely none with a USB-C plug on them. You’d realistically be limited to ~1500W on standard household receptacles, and you’d need some hefty cables on the output side of your power supply, especially if you want them to be jobsite-safe. For reference, 180 amps is in the same ballpark as EV fast charging stations; that’s a rough estimate on the size your cord would have to be plugged in to the bottom of the tool.

For the super light duty stuff like an M12 dremel, sure it’s doable. But for any tools that need high burst or sustained power, either a battery or just running the tool on 120V AC directly (or compressed air) is easier, cheaper, and probably safer.

[0] https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/e/2PACX-1vRghl-44...

sidewndr46 [3 hidden]5 mins ago
if by "vanishingly few" you mean absolutely standard then you are correct. The small PSU I have in my home PC is 1000 watts. I have multiple kilowatt class AC-DC power supplies sitting around for other purposes. There is nothing special about that power level.

For perspective my DC welder is rated at 10000 watts of input. The efficiency is really poor however so I'd only see something like 4000 watts out in the best conditions.

TylerE [3 hidden]5 mins ago
Because usbc doesn’t deliver 400w+ that those things use. Some of the multi chargers will happily suck down over a kilowatt sustained.